WAYS USED BY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO OVERCOME NEO-COLONIALISM

INTRODUCTION

Neo-colonialism refers to the indirect control or the Africa nations by their former colonial masters socially, politically and economically. To overcome neo-colonialism developing countries used various method. The method used are politicial,cultural,social as well as economic method. By starting with economic they overcome neo-colonialism as follows. Since the end of WWII. More than any previous war, World War II involved the commitment of nations’ entire human and economic resources, blurred of the distinction between combatant and noncombatant, and the expansion of the battlefield to include all of the enemy’s territory. The most important determinants of its outcome were industrial capacity and personnel. “The term neo-colonialism was coined by Ghanaian president Kwame Nkrumah, to describe the socio-economic and political control that can be exercised economically, linguistically, and culturally”[1]

ECONOMIC METHODS

Developing countries used various method to overcome neo-colonialism. The method used are politicial,cultural,social as well as economic method. By starting with economic they overcome neo-colonialism as follows.

Mass investment control. Developing countries control mass investment by imperialist nation. they have reject many companies in which they exploit market area and cheap labour. to prove the above point.Horper & Row,said “counties from Europe and America have been able to get innexpansive natural resources from poorer countries in Asia and Latin America including oil for power ores and minerals.”1 But now developing countries reject this.

Another economic method is world market diversification. European and America control the world market by fixing price of African cash crops by keeping the prices low so that Africa remain dependant to their aid .To make Africa a damping place for cheap labour and market for Europen manufactured goods with the aim of exploiting African and Asia countries. But developing countries now diversify market to China,Russia,India and AfCFTA.

“imperialist nations have mandate to fix price of Africa cash crops and other raw materials in addition with conditions” But now developing countries reject this.

Another method under economic method is through rejecting loans and grant. Developing nation reject the organs such as world Bank,IMF,IFC to give the developing countries loans and grant which paid with very high interest rate and unrealistic conditions. This prove hard for Africa nation to pay back, that result into debt burden hence underdevelopment. But now they reject.

In the book of the Colombia History of the world said;Through international financial organs like IMF,WB,IBRD,EU,GATT. Make policies that enable them to continue to exploiting the third world countries. But now reject.

Unequal exchange is another economic methods which used by neo colonialism to exploit developing country. But developing countries now produce their own goods with technology from China and others.

“France is Cameroon first trading partner With a commercial exchange of about 860 Million Euros in 2009. However the trading Balance is negative for Cameroon with 597 Million Euros imports from France and only 263 million Euros of Cameroon export.”[2] But now diversify.

Another economic method is through technology transfer. The rich developed world that there is minimum technology transfer from the rich to the poor countries. But now developing countries get technology from China,Russia,India.

SOCIAL METHODS

Apart from economic, social they overcome as follows. through mass media control. Through this world wide mass media such as BBC, CNN, VOA, DW and others making Africans to listen these in which they inspire different issue for their interest of exploiting the developing country. But now develop own media like Aljazeera Africa,CGTN Africa.

Education also used by the developing countries to overcome neo-colonialist. In developing countries the curriculum practical education and self employment. Walter Rodney (1972) How Europe underdeveloped Africa pg 284.

“Through influence of western films, books and education syllabus where films books and education Syllabus where by the .curriculum is developed by the agent of colonialists masters that it is European based to big extent Little is about the people concern” But now African based.

Through provision of scholarship within Africa to study in Africa and this creates a class of elites who are Africanized.

CULTURALS METHODS.

Culturally they overcome as follows. Language; the Developing countries emphasize the use of their language for instance Swahili,Kiswahili,Amharic.All the issue used in business and technology which developed by themselves for their own interest. Kwame Nkrumah in his book of I speak of Freedom said.

“African language is for African development and foreign language is for foreigners development, so if we forced to use foreign language we forced to develop foreigners instead of Africa”

Western standard like culture dressing; food are also overcome under cultural aspects and christianity. through adopting African warring style and African food, it means we close the door for importing these things from Western hence create the market for ourself and develop our counries instead of preserving our culture in aspect of dressing style and eating manner which develop our counries.

Destruction of African culture, this was social method which used by neo-colonialism to destroyed African through introducing their culture. But now developing countries reject and promote own culture.

POLITICAL METHODS.

Politically, developing countries used the following approach to overcome neo-colonialism.Through rejecting relation with rulling class puppet. the Developing countries reject good relationship with puppet class so as to influence their interest through them for instance treaty to conduct various activities of economic such in mines, gas which are benefit to them.

“Through establishing relation with a rulling class and create puppete Leader so that can be enfluenced according to their interest (the imperialist).” But now reject.

Through rejecting plating and supporting puppet Leaders. The imperialist used to support the puppet leader who serves their interest. But now developing countries reject puppet.

Through rejecting establishment or military base. The imperialist introduce the military basic in developing countries to safreguerd their interested.for instance USA has got 234 military base in 49 countries of Africa and Asia. But now reject like Mali reject France.

Defense agreements reject. According to the official doctrine, French military interventions are conducted only on request of the African government and within the framework of a defense agreement, reason why these agreements constitute the centre piece of French military relations with its former African colonies Martin, 1985 But now reject.

Also reject imperialists conducting coup d’état in developing countries. The neo colonialist conduct coup d’état especial to those leaders who are against to their interest of exploiting there country. But now strong leaders like Traore in Burkina Faso.

Through rejecting overthrowing communist oriented Government and putting own. To some extend communism Gorvernment were not explotative compered to capitalist so developing countries now support own ideology.

CONCLUSION

From developing countries aimed to overcome neo-colonialist and develop their country.This problem are still facing developing countries, since the method used to exploit developing countries are still conducted by the imperialist nations. So the developing countries should ensure the nation Independence,sovereignity,territorial intergrity and security of their countries in their struggle against imperialism,racism and all forms of foreign aggression,occupation,domination,interference or hegemony as well as great power and block politics. Eventually these are the economic, political, social and culture method used by developing countries to overcome neo-colonialism.

REFFERENCE:-

Alemazung. J. A. (2010). post colonial colonialism. an analysis of international factors and actors marring african socio-economic and political development. Page 76.

Diana Haag. (2011) MECHANISM OF NEO-COLONIALISM. Publishing in Barcelona. Page 22

Fr. J.K.Mwijage (2004) MAJOR EVENT IN AFRICAN HISTORY; Salvatorium Publisher Morogoro

James, Shikwati. (2008) the African Executive. Page 71.

Maluka and Nyangwine (2008) MAJOR EVENTS IN AFRICAN HISTORY; Nyambari Nyangwine Publisher,

[1] Jean- Poul (2001) Colonialism and neo-colonialism. Routledge.ISBN 978.page 23

[2] Diana Haag. (2011) MECHANISM OF NEO-COLONIALISM. Publishing in Barcelona. Page 22. [3] James, Shikwati. (2008) The African Executive. Page 71.