1)
INTRODUCTION:-
The pare
pronounced Pahray people are
member of ethnic
group indegenous to the
pare mountain of
Northern Tanzania, part
of the Kilimanjaro
region. Pare land
is also Known
as Vuasa (Asu
the root word and
CHasu or Athu
the language) . the
location lies on
one of the
northern routes for
Historic East African
long distance trade
Indian ocean. The
residents of northern
Pare recignise two
sub- areas based
on ethnolinguistic differences
kingweno speaking Ugweno
to the North
and Chabu speaking Usangi
to the South.
The origin
of Pare tribe:-
Their ethno-
linguistic group is
most commonly said
to have its
origins in western
Cameroon, although its
possible to be
so certain over
migration that date
back over four
millennium.
What is
certain is that
these people certainly
came from the
region of central
africa from where
they and or their
culture begin expanding
to other parts
of sub-saharan africa
around 2000 BC
The cause
of these migrations
are believed to
have been the
result of an
increasingly settled agricultural
in lifestyle although
needing little land
(for less than herding
cattle) land had
to be fertile
and well watered
for cultivation to
be or viable
altenative
“they were
neither planed nor
instantaneous put took
place gradually over
hundreds and thousands
of years allowing
plenty of time
for these people
and their culture
to spread and
be influenced by
other culture it came
across”
I.
NEIGHBORING OF
PARE TRIBE:-
The neighboring
of Pare tribe
are Chaga from Moshi
and also there
Wadigo Wasambaa, from Tanga.
Chaga tribe id
divided in three
that ae Warombo
Wamachame and Wakibosho.
All this tribes
are the neighboring
of pare tribe.
“The Pare
were the main
producers of Iron
for which there
was considerable demand by
the Chaga and
other adjacent population”[1]
2)
FACTORS OF
THEIR MIGRATION:-
Economic factors
of migration:-
Many Pare
people before colonialism
were lived in
low land where
they were produce
tea, coffee, and
rice is grown
is the swampy
But after European
reach in Kilimanjaro
they were tool away the
land of Pare
people (land alienation)
and they moved
them to the
highland where they
live up to know.
In
1890 a German
geographer praised the areas stone
terraces as being
similar to European
vineyards and stated that
the north Pare
irrigation system was
a truly magnificient
achievement for primitive
people”
Political
factors of migration:-
Pare tribe
had their leader
called Mfuma (chief)
Muhammad Kibuha SIngo
a local ruler
of ame who
died in January
1981, estimated to
be aged between
120 and 140
years.
So during
post colonial many
Pare people were
moved to the
high land because
their leader Mfumwa
was died and also
they were no
people can lead
them so they
escape the ruling
system of Germany
who took their land
in 1900 because
German treated them
badly.
Social factors
migration:-
The Pare
society also migrated
to the highland
were there forest
which can help
them to get traditional
medicine fore cured
their body. Also
they lived from
low land in
order to get
firewood which they
can use for
cooking food
“The local
medicine called Mwana
equhiwe was believed
to be caused by a
witch who had
been able to
take a piece of
the placenta”
3)
ACTIVITIES OF
PARE TRIBE:-
Economic activities
of pare tribe:-
The areas
chief produce is
tea, coffee, sisal
and cinchona. Rice
is grown in
the swampy plains.
The Pare lands
are by Tanzanian
standards, quite proeperous
as its infrastructure of
roads, electricity, telephone
and piped water
supply attests. An
older infrastructure of
irrigation furrows, stone
lived terraces and
sacred forests lies alongsides
these never technologies
and shows that
the Pare landscape
has been carefully
managed for centuries.
Also Pare
people engaged in
trade of selling
goods such as
bbanan, maize with
is from their
home land.
Social activities
of pare tribe:-
Traditionally music
is practiced art in their
community. At any
time of the
day or night
some music was
being made. Work
songs also existed
these were perfomed
both during communal work
like building weeding
. before the
introduction of western
medicine there were certain
symptoms which being
cured using traditional
medicine.
“Mwan equhiwe
Ntembo was belieed
to be caused
by a witch
who had been
able to take
a piece of
the placenta”
Until the
age of five
or so for
boys and until adolescence for
girls children have
the most contact
with their mothers, sisters,
and other female
relatives.
Both boys
and girls attend
school if the parents
can afford the
fees. If there
is not sufficient
money for both
to attend the
boy is usually
favored and the
girl remains home to help
mother until she
gets married and
moves away.
Cultural activities
of Pare tribe:-
The Pare
tribe as ethnic
group in Tanzania
the abcestors assume
an extremely important
role. Ancestor spirits
are rememberd hrough
various rituals and
are believed to
exert me significant
influence on daily
life.
At
drinking occur beens
so people pour
a small libation
of beer onto the
ground in respect
of the ancestors. In
other cases a
small vessel of beer is
left in a
special location as
an offering to the ancestors”
In still
other cases sacrifices
of a chicken
or got
4)
MARRIAGE PROCESS:-
Marriage was
traditionally considered to be the most
significant event in the lives
of both men
and woman.
The system
of polygamy Multiple
wives guaranteed that
all people married.
The significance of
bride wealth is
increasing even among
educated Africans.
“Most of
Pare believe that
divorce can not
occur after wealth
has been exchange
and children are born”
Cttle are
the primary items
given in bride
wealth. In determining
the value of
a prospective bride
her family takes
into account her
health appearance and
nowdays, her level
of formal education.
Failure of men
to raise a
high bride wealth
prompts many of
them to propose
elopement a practice
that is on
the rise today.
5)
MAJOR FOOD
OF PARE:-
Makande is
a typical dish
of the Pare
tribe, who live
in the Pare
mountains, and is
popular throughout Tanzania.
The dish is
a kind of
stew maize and
beans onions, Garlic
tomatoes and chicken
stock and its
normal prepared on
Friday and lasts
through Sunday evening
which gives people
more time to
socialize during the
weekend without warrying
about cooking the
food is kept
in a big
clay pot on the damp
ground so it stays
cool.
6)
TYPES OF
CLOTHING STYLE OF PARE
TRIBLE:-
These people
were minimal clothing.
Animal hides were
used to cover
privates parts, but
there was no
stigma (shame) associated
with nudity nowdays
clothing style are
largely western in
origin. They vary
according to a person
social class and
life style preferences.
7)
EFFECTS OF
EFFECTS FOR THEIR
MOVEMENT:-
Economic effects
for tribe movement:-
Due to
the land alienation
by German Pare
were shifted to
the highland where
they were get
the place to
live. This was
caused much distraction
of cutting down
of trees due
to the establishment
of settlement
Theywere no
more produce the
agriculture because in high
lad agriculture was
not survive very
well this led
them to produce
small scale agriculture
which was dominated
by mixed cultivation.
Social effects for the Pare
tribe movements:-
This was
good to them
because after Pare people
shifted to highland
they got medicine
which help to treat them.
This is because
before the introduction
of western medicine
there were certain symptoms
which were being
cured using traditional
medicine.
“Mwana equhine
Ntembo wa believed
to believed to be
caused by a
witch who had
been able to
take a piece
of the plancenta”[2]
Political activities
of pare tribe:-
Mfumwa Chief
Muhammad Kibacha Singo
a local ruler of
same who died
in January 1982. Estimated to be aged
between 120 and
140 years. He
was ruling Pare
people in a
good way, he
also know as
round makers. Mfumwa had
the assistance who
helped him in
ruling system also
those assistance were
acted as a
link between him
self and people
who lead. This
is because the
assistance were transfer
information to the
follower of Mfumwa.
Also there
Ugweno Kingdom of
northern Pare emerged
in the 17th century.
This kingdom were
typical iron smith
they were produce
much iron. It was
Germany
colony era lasted
until 1963 when
the chiefdom was
abolished by an
independent.
Political effects
for pare tribe
movement:-
Sheridan (2004)
documents on source
and oral histories
to explain how
the altering of
post colonial and
management in the
North Pare (currently
known as Mwanga)
mountains affected environment
conditions colonial forest
management and water
policies were all
abandoned environmental degradation
and aspect including
environmental degradation and
a drop in
the management capacity.
This is because
colonialism dominated in
high land where
was the source
of water.
8)
HEALING PROCESS
OF PARE TRIBE:-
Before the
introduction of western
medicine there were
certain symptoms which
were being cured
using traditional medicine,
children used to suffer
was a fungal
ailment thought to
come from the
mothers breast. It
was treated by
giving the child
sheep’s milk instesd of
the breast.
REFERENCE
[2] Mpangala G. P (1994) Peace conflict and Demoncratication process in the creat lakes region.
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